Tham khảo Danh_sách_các_sao_nặng_nhất

  1. 1 2 3 Hainich, R.; Rühling, U.; Todt, H.; Oskinova, L. M.; Liermann, A.; Gräfener, G.; Foellmi, C.; Schnurr, O.; Hamann, W. -R. (2014). “The Wolf–Rayet stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud”. Astronomy & Astrophysics 565: A27. Bibcode:2014A&A...565A..27H. arXiv:1401.5474. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322696. 
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Bestenlehner, Joachim M.; Crowther, Paul A.; Caballero-Nieves, Saida M.; Schneider, Fabian R. N.; Simón-Díaz, Sergio; Brands, Sarah A.; De Koter, Alex; Gräfener, Götz; Herrero, Artemio; Langer, Norbert; Lennon, Daniel J.; Maíz Apellániz, Jesus; Puls, Joachim; Vink, Jorick S. (2020). “The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope/STIS. II. Physical properties of the most massive stars in R136”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.tmp.2627B. arXiv:2009.05136. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2801. 
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bestenlehner, J. M.; Gräfener, G.; Vink, J. S.; Najarro, F.; de Koter, A.; Sana, H.; Evans, C. J.; Crowther, P. A.; Hénault-Brunet, V.; Herrero, A.; Langer, N.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Simón-Díaz, S.; Taylor, W. D.; Walborn, N. R. (2014). “The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey. XVII. Physical and wind properties of massive stars at the top of the main sequence”. Astronomy & Astrophysics 570. A38. Bibcode:2014A&A...570A..38B. arXiv:1407.1837. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423643. 
  4. 1 2 Bagnulo, S.; Wade, G. A.; Nazé, Y.; Grunhut, J. H.; Shultz, M. E.; Asher, D. J.; Crowther, P. A.; Evans, C. J.; David-Uraz, A.; Howarth, I. D.; Morrell, N.; Munoz, M. S.; Neiner, C.; Puls, J.; Szymański, M. K.; Vink, J. S. (2020). “A search for strong magnetic fields in massive and very massive stars in the Magellanic Clouds”. Astronomy & Astrophysics 635 (A163): 15. Bibcode:2020A&A...635A.163B. arXiv:2002.12061. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937098. 
  5. 1 2 De Becker, M.; Rauw, G.; Manfroid, J.; Eenens, P. (2006). “Early-type stars in the young open cluster IC 1805”. Astronomy and Astrophysics 456 (3): 1121–1130. Bibcode:2006A&A...456.1121D. arXiv:astro-ph/0606379. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065300. 
  6. 1 2 Tehrani, Katie A.; Crowther, Paul A.; Bestenlehner, Joachim M.; Littlefair, Stuart P.; Pollock, A M T.; Parker, Richard J.; Schnurr, Olivier (2019). “Weighing Melnick 34: The most massive binary system known”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 484 (2): 2692–2710. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.484.2692T. arXiv:1901.04769. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz147. 
  7. ↑ Schneider, F. R. N.; Sana, H.; Evans, C. J.; Bestenlehner, J. M.; Castro, N.; Fossati, L.; Gräfener, G.; Langer, N.; Ramírez-Agudelo, O. H.; Sabín-Sanjulián, C.; Simón-Díaz, S.; Tramper, F.; Crowther, P. A.; de Koter, A.; de Mink, S. E.; Dufton, P. L.; Garcia, M.; Gieles, M.; Hénault-Brunet, V.; Herrero, A.; Izzard, R. G.; Kalari, V.; Lennon, D. J.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Markova, N.; Najarro, F.; Podsiadlowski, Ph.; Puls, J.; Taylor, W. D.; van Loon, J. Th.; Vink, J. S.; Norman, C. (2018). “An excess of massive stars in the local 30 Doradus starburst”. Science 359 (6371): 69–71. Bibcode:2018Sci...359...69S. arXiv:1801.03107. doi:10.1126/science.aan0106. 
  8. ↑ Walborn, Nolan R.; Howarth, Ian D.; Lennon, Daniel J.; Massey, Philip; Oey, M. S.; Moffat, Anthony F. J.; Skalkowski, Gwen; Morrell, Nidia I.; Drissen, Laurent; Parker, Joel Wm. (2002). “A New Spectral Classification System for the Earliest O Stars: Definition of Type O2” (PDF). The Astronomical Journal 123 (5): 2754–2771. Bibcode:2002AJ....123.2754W. doi:10.1086/339831. 
  9. 1 2 3 4 Crowther, P. A.; Schnurr, O.; Hirschi, R.; Yusof, N.; Parker, R. J.; Goodwin, S. P.; Kassim, H. A. (2010). “The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted 150 M⊙ stellar mass limit”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 408 (2): 731–751. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..731C. arXiv:1007.3284. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17167.x. 
  10. ↑ Evans, C. J.; Walborn, N. R.; Crowther, P. A.; Hénault-Brunet, V.; Massa, D.; Taylor, W. D.; Howarth, I. D.; Sana, H.; Lennon, D. J.; Van Loon, J. T. (2010). “A Massive Runaway Star from 30 Doradus”. The Astrophysical Journal 715 (2): L74. Bibcode:2010ApJ...715L..74E. arXiv:1004.5402. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/715/2/L74. 
  11. ↑ Roman-Lopes, A.; Franco, G. A. P.; Sanmartim, D. (2016). “SOAR Optical and Near-infrared Spectroscopic Survey of Newly Discovered Massive Stars in the Periphery of Galactic Massive Star Clusters I-NGC 3603”. The Astrophysical Journal 823 (2): 96. Bibcode:2016ApJ...823...96R. arXiv:1604.01096. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/823/2/96. 
  12. ↑ Massey, P.; Degioia-Eastwood, K.; Waterhouse, E. (2001). “The Progenitor Masses of Wolf-Rayet Stars and Luminous Blue Variables Determined from Cluster Turnoffs. II. Results from 12 Galactic Clusters and OB Associations”. The Astronomical Journal 121 (2): 1050–1070. Bibcode:2001AJ....121.1050M. arXiv:astro-ph/0010654. doi:10.1086/318769. 
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sota, A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Morrell, N. I.; Barbá, R. H.; Walborn, N. R.; Gamen, R. C.; Arias, J. I.; Alfaro, E. J.; Oskinova, L. M. (2019). “The Galactic WN stars revisited. Impact of Gaia distances on fundamental stellar parameters”. Astronomy & Astrophysics A57: 625. arXiv:1904.04687. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834850. 
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Gräfener, G.; Vink, J. S.; De Koter, A.; Langer, N. (2011). “The Eddington factor as the key to understand the winds of the most massive stars”. Astronomy & Astrophysics 535: A56. Bibcode:2011A&A...535A..56G. arXiv:1106.5361. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116701. 
  15. 1 2 3 Clark, J. S.; Najarro, F.; Negueruela, I.; Ritchie, B. W.; Urbaneja, M. A.; Howarth, I. D. (2012). “On the nature of the galactic early-B hypergiants”. Astronomy & Astrophysics 541: A145. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A.145C. arXiv:1202.3991. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117472. 
  16. ↑ Nelan, Edmund P.; Walborn, Nolan R.; Wallace, Debra J.; Moffat, Anthony F. J.; Makidon, Russell B.; Gies, Douglas R.; Panagia, Nino (2004). “Resolving OB Systems in the Carina Nebula with the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor”. The Astronomical Journal 128 (1): 323–329. Bibcode:2004AJ....128..323N. doi:10.1086/420716. 
  17. 1 2 Tramper, F.; Sana, H.; Fitzsimons, N. E.; De Koter, A.; Kaper, L.; Mahy, L.; Moffat, A. (2016). “The mass of the very massive binary WR21a”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 455 (2): 1275–1281. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.455.1275T. arXiv:1510.03609. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2373. 
  18. ↑ Clementel, N.; Madura, T. I.; Kruip, C. J. H.; Paardekooper, J.-P.; Gull, T. R. (2015). “3D radiative transfer simulations of Eta Carinae's inner colliding winds - I. Ionization structure of helium at apastron”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 447 (3): 2445–2458. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.447.2445C. arXiv:1412.7569. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2614. 
  19. ↑ Oskinova, L. M.; Steinke, M.; Hamann, W. - R.; Sander, A.; Todt, H.; Liermann, A. (2013). “One of the most massive stars in the Galaxy may have formed in isolation”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 436 (4): 3357. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.436.3357O. arXiv:1309.7651. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1817. 
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Massey, P.; Degioia-Eastwood, K.; Waterhouse, E. (2001). “The Progenitor Masses of Wolf-Rayet Stars and Luminous Blue Variables Determined from Cluster Turnoffs. II. Results from 12 Galactic Clusters and OB Associations”. The Astronomical Journal 121 (2): 1050–1070. Bibcode:2001AJ....121.1050M. arXiv:astro-ph/0010654. doi:10.1086/318769. 
  21. ↑ Crowther, Paul A.; Caballero-Nieves, S. M.; Bostroem, K. A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Walborn, N. R.; Angus, C. R.; Brott, I.; Bonanos, A.; de Koter, A.; de Mink, S. E.; Evans, C. J.; Gräfener, G.; Herrero, A.; Howarth, I. D.; Langer, N.; Lennon, D. J.; Puls, J.; Sana, H.; Vink, J. S. (2016). “The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope/STIS. I. Far-ultraviolet spectroscopic census and the origin of He II λ1640 in young star clusters”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 458 (1): 624–659. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.458..624C. arXiv:1603.04994. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw273. 
  22. 1 2 Sana, H.; Van Boeckel, T.; Tramper, F.; Ellerbroek, L. E.; De Koter, A.; Kaper, L.; Moffat, A. F. J.; Schnurr, O.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Gies, D. R. (2013). “R144 revealed as a double-lined spectroscopic binary”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 432: L26–L30. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.432L..26S. arXiv:1304.4591. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slt029. 
  23. ↑ Weidner, C.; Vink, J. S. (2010). “The masses, and the mass discrepancy of O-type stars”. Astronomy and Astrophysics 524: A98. Bibcode:2010A&A...524A..98W. arXiv:1010.2204. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014491. 
  24. 1 2 Rauw, G.; Crowther, P. A.; De Becker, M.; Gosset, E.; Nazé, Y.; Sana, H.; Van Der Hucht, K. A.; Vreux, J. -M.; Williams, P. M. (2005). “The spectrum of the very massive binary system WR?20a (WN6ha + WN6ha): Fundamental parameters and wind interactions” (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics 432 (3): 985–998. Bibcode:2005A&A...432..985R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042136. 
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Fang, M.; Van Boekel, R.; King, R. R.; Henning, T.; Bouwman, J.; Doi, Y.; Okamoto, Y. K.; Roccatagliata, V.; Sicilia-Aguilar, A. (2012). “Star formation and disk properties in Pismis 24”. Astronomy & Astrophysics 539: A119. Bibcode:2012A&A...539A.119F. arXiv:1201.0833. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015914. 
  26. 1 2 3 4 Herrero, A.; Puls, J.; Najarro, F. (2002). “Fundamental parameters of Galactic luminous OB stars VI. Temperatures, masses and WLR of Cyg OB2 supergiants”. Astronomy and Astrophysics 396 (3): 949–966. Bibcode:2002A&A...396..949H. arXiv:astro-ph/0210469. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021432. 
  27. ↑ Kastner, J. H.; Buchanan, C. L.; Sargent, B.; Forrest, W. J. (2006). “SpitzerSpectroscopy of Dusty Disks around B\e] Hypergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud”. The Astrophysical Journal 638 (1): L29–L32. Bibcode:2006ApJ...638L..29K. doi:10.1086/500804. 
  28. ↑ Orosz, J. A.; McClintock, J. E.; Narayan, R.; Bailyn, C. D.; Hartman, J. D.; Macri, L.; Liu, J.; Pietsch, W.; Remillard, R. A.; Shporer, A.; Mazeh, T. (2007). “A 15.65-solar-mass black hole in an eclipsing binary in the nearby spiral galaxy M 33”. Nature 449 (7164): 872–875. Bibcode:2007Natur.449..872O. PMID 17943124. arXiv:0710.3165. doi:10.1038/nature06218. 
  29. ↑ Comerón, F.; Pasquali, A. (2012). “New members of the massive stellar population in Cygnus”. Astronomy & Astrophysics 543: A101. Bibcode:2012A&A...543A.101C. ISSN 0004-6361. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219022. 
  30. 1 2 Rauw, G.; Sana, H.; Gosset, E.; Vreux, J.-M.; Jehin, E.; Parmentier, G. (2000). “A new orbital solution for the massive binary system HD 93403”. Astronomy and Astrophysics 360: 1003. Bibcode:2000A&A...360.1003R. 
  31. 1 2 3 4 Shenar, T.; Hainich, R.; Todt, H.; Sander, A.; Hamann, W.-R.; Moffat, A. F. J.; Eldridge, J. J.; Pablo, H.; Oskinova, L. M.; Richardson, N. D. (2016). “Wolf-Rayet stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud: II. Analysis of the binaries”. Astronomy & Astrophysics 1604. A22. Bibcode:2016A&A...591A..22S. arXiv:1604.01022. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527916. 
  32. ↑ Burggraf, B.; Weis, K.; Bomans, D. J. (2006). “LBVs in M33: Their Environments and Ages”. Stellar Evolution at Low Metallicity: Mass Loss 353: 245. Bibcode:2006ASPC..353..245B. 
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